Documentary - The SInclair ZX80, ZX81, and Timex Sinclair 1000
25 jan 2019
821 184 visningar
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ZX81 was the first computer I 've put my hands on. After about a year I got ZX Spectrum 48.
This wasn't a product, it was a scam! Most people only bought one to get the Commodore discount.
I was lucky enough to puchase one of the first ZX80's self assembly kits direct from Cambridge, The thing came in a box about 25" long with a monster manual, A power supply that felt heavy enough to easily jump start your family car as well as charge the battery while it was doing it. As fro the kit, well a bage of resistors, chips, motheboard wrapped 3 times, sockets and the wonderful Modulator. One thing it didnt specify in the instructions was you could really use, a magnifying glass, a roll of fast melt solder (at the time only available from a mail order Radio Spares (sorry least amount of advertising I could think of for them) Company and an incredibly steady hand. Building it took around a couple of hours, breaks for tea and biscuits (British for can of beer) and there you had it. The manual itself explained in great detail the meaning of life, the universe and everything, but once inpout and stored in memory unlocked a massive world in black and white. Oh and the sound that it didnt have, was available by slightly detuning the TV set to the edge of the range and you could make music. After ED
14:30 - the Timex Sinclair w/printer was my 1st Computer. It sucked...lol. I kept sneaking in my brothers room to use his Commodore 64.....🤣
The ZX81 was the first computer I used. My dad worked for Timex Dundee where they were making them. He brought home an engineering sample and spent a bit of time trying to program it. I was fascinated. I eventually learnt to program on a spectrum engineering sample and I'm now a professional software developer. Spectrums and even ZX81s made Britain a beacon in programming and computing since the 80s. Tons of kids had a career laid out for them as a result of exposure to these cheap computers in the 80s. They were fantastic. Luv and Peace.
ahhh, memories of begging my dad for $99 to buy my first computer...the t/s-1000 then buying a basic games book from radio shack. started me on my IT career as a programmer
Sinclair owners = Learned the logic of programming really fast and played games. Other machine owners = played great games. You see, it was not what the machine could do, but what you were able to make it do that mattered to a Sinclair owner. To compare them to cars... buying a ZX81 was like buying tools and learning to fix a bike with them while everyone else was riding taxis. Both could get you places, one was harder work, cost less and was not always up to the task... the other lot could go everywhere but learned little. BBC Micro was a best of both but cost so much I knew no one that actually owned one.
Jupiter Ace with Forth language, see if you can find one!
You forgot to mention the Z80 CPU was a very popular CPU, used in many arcade machines, business computers and industrial applications. It is still in production, over 40 years later, as wall as it's descendants which are found is the PC compatibles that dominate the market today. So it was a great thing for people to get started on these computers, as the core of the computers is still relevant to this very day. Succeeding the less popular CPUs of that time found in other home computers of the time, which were discontinued a long time ago.
I asked my parents for an ZX81 for Christmas, But they got me an Oric-1 which was a lot better.
My parents won a sinclair 1000 from a sweepstakes when I was little. I can still remember my dad and I playing chess from a tape. Needless to say it quickly became my first computer (1982)
My first computer was a Sinclair Kit, $99 ordered thru an offer in popular electronics magazine, this was before the Timex version became available, I modified it too have 2k of ram and also reversed the white on black video to black characters on white background The parts all came from a computer hobby store Micro ??? , 50+ miles away in orange county Calif, the how to instructions and parts list came from from a computer magazine, my next computer was a Vic-20 , color, & sound, best value for the money, C64 and I have owned a PC of some make ever since, one of the first Amiga 1000, set me back $1200 when I got that one, I learned programming starting with the Sinclair and progressing thru each following more intricate and capable PC, created some educational games for the vic 20 then ported them to c64 and to the radio shack color computer, worked in the machine tool industry with Programmable Logic Controllers and ladder logic diagram programing, my son was 5yrs when he learned how to load and start a game disc on the Vic20, Now 42 he is in I.T. field service , yes I remember the Sinclair, my start down a personal path and a career path Thank You
Fun fact Satoru Iwata, past president of Nintendo Of America, owned a PET 1001
A coworker and I bought ZX81's in kit form. I was doing Z80 assembly programming at the time and he decided to try it also. He almost immediately wanted to do bit-mapped graphics and asked if it was at all possible on the machine; he wanted to do a proper Pac Man game. I came up with the idea of piggy backing an 8K RAM on top of the ROM and bending the chip select lines out for individual access. This, in conjunction with a couple of "glue" chips allowed the ROM and RAM to be swapped out under program control. To control individual pixels one had to copy the ROM to the RAM, swap to running on the RAM, and modify the character generator memory locations. He went away to college and I didn't hear from him for a couple months, at which point he showed up with a BEAUTIFUL copy of Pac Man running on the modified ZX81 (and about 40 pages of notebook paper with the program he had hand coded and hand assembled)! He spent the entire semester sketching dot patterns of an Pac Man machine and converting everything to Z80 assembly. Needless to say I was blown away! That was the beginning for him of a successful career in computers and part owner of an ISP. Far from being useless, the ZX80 and ZX81 were limited only by the imagination and determination of the people using it!
Comparing it to a shopping cart in not right ,,so your saying everything less powerful before it can not be considered a computer
ZX81 with 1K of memory. You could buy a ram pack that was 16K of extra memory.
ok, i have to ask: "Timex"?
I don't post too often, but this made me smile. I paused the video to go down to the basement to retrieve my Timex Sinclair 1000. It was my first computer, and yes it was pretty "basic" (I was struggling for a nice word). However it lead to computer science courses, a used XT and later 286, etc. I have for some reason, after multiple moves refused to part with the old Timex Sinclair. Sometimes it's nice to remember where you started.
Please press control-alt-rubout
"Limitation is the mother of creativity"
I get frustrated and grind my teeth when there's more than a few seconds loading time. If I even tried to use this then my teeth would be completely gone in an afternoon. Think I'll stick with a PS4 ;). PS -- only 5 chips? That's not a very nice fish supper...(I'll get me coat)
Contrary to what he said the model at 18:15 was NOT an "aftermarket case" but a commercial computer sold (and made) in Brazil by a company called Microdigital. It was a clone of the TS-1500 named as TK-85 that came with chiclet keyboard and 16K of RAM. It was my first computer EVER.
Atari 400 and TI99/4 were built to attract people looking for amusement, and were completely unaffordable in the UK. Amusement was not the reason for the existence of the ZX80 and ZX81, rather the attraction was to learn about computers, for that they were reasonably useable, The keyboard layout was not a real problem, as users had nothing to compare it with, and no switching the 3.5mm plugs would NOT damage the devices, it was designed not to. it did not work if you did. The Sinclair spectrum WAS designed to attract gaming, although Sinclair claimed that learning was still the main reason for its existence, as it tried to compete with the BBC micro. Many computer experts in the UK (and also Europe) started their careers with the ZX80 or ZX81. Many (game) programmers started as bedroom programmers on a spectrum.
Frogger is pretty decent I can play for hours
It would be easy to underestimate the impact these had in the UK, especially the ZX81. Disposable income was lower than in the USA at the time and the increased costs of the Commodore, Tandy and Apple computers were prohibitive even for "middle class" families. With the ZX81 most families could afford to buy one not only because it was cheap, but it hooked up to the regular TV and a standard cassette recorder which many households already had - or could buy much cheaper than the Commodore Datasette dedicated units. There were over 1.5 million sold, and the ZX81 was the beginning for a lot of programmers who would become important figures in the industry. The ZX81 in the UK came with a full manual and tutorial for Sinclair BASIC with the intention that owners would learn to program. Try programming a VIC-20 without investing in extra tutorial material! And even then the Commodore BASIC was full of pokes just to place a character at a specific point on the screen whereas SInclair basic had recognisable commands. The average 8 year old could knock up a simple game themselves with the '81. Everyone had a RAM pack after a few months too. For kids it was common to get the '81 for Christmas and a RAM pack for their birthday. Though there was even a full implementation of chess for the 1K machine! And 1K Breakout. Those after market keyboards and centronics interfaces for business printers were very popular in the UK and there were probably thousands of software titles available. There's still new software and hardware being made today in 2020. My original ZX81 is approaching it's 40th birthday (March 2021)...and now sports a modern 32K RAM pack with SD card slot.
The ZX81 had several board variants, some with 4 chips, and some with 5 chips. As far as I know, the boards were designed to accept either a pair of 18-pin 1Kx4-bit chips, or a single 24-pin 1Kx8-bit chip. I suspect the reason for this design was to allow Sinclair to switch to whichever chips were cheapest at the time. Just had a look at mine, and it's the 5 chip version, but I can see the outline where the larger RAM chip would be connected in the 4 chip version. I'm not sure about the Timex Sinclair 1000, but I suspect in employed a similar strategy.
I think to understand the context and importance of this computer you must have actually lived that moment. The 8 bit guy really missed the point calling it a "terrible" computer (could pick a word like "minimal", "basic", "slightest", "starting", "educational", etc). Maybe he started with better computers a few years later (still 8 bit), or was rich enough to buy $1000+ computers in early 80s (in updated values), remembering that computers had not such range of practical utilities they have today, so for most people there was not even a purpose of spending that money in a computer except for computing and programming learning (most no nerd people who bought it were disappointed). But for many people like me it was the only real opportunity to be introduced to the computer world, and the world of coding (this computer had not much purpose except coding, was a computer for nerds). So what it offered was what was possible to keep it under $100, limited memory (enhanced on ZX81 and using 16kb expansion module), difficult keyboard but that we were used to it, and the cassette (the main problem was using the cassete, an issue present even on other much more expensive computers - I think home computers started to become really useful for practical and no "nerdy" activities only when disk units became accessible). It opened the way for other enhanced versions with rubber keyboards that came later, before the TRS-80 and TRS-Color and even Apples become a bit more affordable and reach wider range of users. To have a computer at home, so trivial these days for the generations that were born inside computers, was so amazing that people were impressed to see one like this and do things like type his own name and see it on TV!
It must take the context - the keyboard was terrible, but it was what we had, and we were used on it. Of course it was my dream a "real" keyboard, as we could see in professional computers, or "semi-professional" keyboards, as they used to call, some with rubber small keys (as it was a dream a diskette unit as well).
My first computer was a ZX81 clone (NEZ-8000) in 1983, and it was fantastic. Of course everything must be measured with a context ruler - to be able to have a computer AT HOME was something yet very rare at that time (it was an attraction in the small city I lived). I learnt BASIC programming by myself with it's owner manual (no internet or Google...). I had 2kb RAM, but had no SLOW mode, so to be able to do games I had to learn Z80 assembly, that could process fast enough to provide data and refresh the screen in a not so perceptible way. It was very easy to spend all memory, so after a while I got a 16kb RAM expansion, that seemed endless for me... The problem is that the connector was so fragile that just moving the computer could disconnect and reset it - and saving and loading programs from the tape was a time consuming task, usually requesting several attempts to work... But all these obstacles, especially the limitation of memory, was a valuable school!
you are an american. It's ok to say Z.
I had a zx81, and an expansion board with extra memory and i/o ports.
Poor as it was, I built an add-on board for that edge connector to enable me to read and/or write EEPROMs for a small business /workshop I was running at the time. U.V. to delete and the later ZX81 for writing. I also built a memory expansion board to make it up to 16 K............16 K? I'll never use all that. I STILL HAVE IT BUT no longer have a 405 line, maybe 625 by then, mono TV to run it on AND part of its rf input band of freqs is now allocated to Radio Hams...like ME! If you thought this keyboard was bad, you would have loved the next one ...Sinclair Spectrum whose keys were described as "dead Flesh".
Awesome. I was one of those people you mentioned who got into computing because of this machine. I got to teach myself BASIC, etc. It was the "gateway" PC! Thanks for making this. Lots of memories.
I don't think the 8-bit guy understands the ZX-80. In Sweden we couldn't afford anything else, so it was ZX-80 or nothing. That's the real comparison and how you should see it. The Sinclair XZ-80 was pure magic, and opened up a whole new world.
I had all of these computers. It sounds as if he is saying, "zetx". Anyone?
18:15 This is the Brazilian version of the ZX81, with 16 KB RAM, sold in mid 80's. I miss mine.
XZ80 Boots faster than any PC today. Also, it isn't a terrible computer compared to what was available at the time. Quite the opposote. It introduced so many to the world of computing, so in terms of the impact it had, it was a masterpiece!
9:13 sounds like the old minecraft door sound
Anyone worried that all the kids of today have is Tick Toc and Facebook ? I once sat and flew from London to New York on a text based flight simulator on an '81. 6.5 hours in real time. Looking at numbers on a TV. Change to other numbers. I had a co pilot. We had food breaks for crying out loud!
I got intertested in the Timex Sinclair 1000 show on the cover of "Popular Science" magazine, however the downtown Minneapolis did not carry them. I ended up purchasing a Commodore V20 and then a Radio Shack TRS-80 MC-10 (Micro Color). If I still had the TRS-80 with Microsoft Basic 1.0 I would gladly send it your way. Thanks for the presentation.
Had one. Still have it. Have the expansion memory and a printer too. It was my first computer. Loved it. Broke it out for my daughters to see how easy they have it nowadays. They were slightly impressed. It’s my museum piece and won’t get rid of it. (I have the ZX81, not the timex)
Sometime this year I got a Timex Sinclair 1000 + memory expansion from a customer who runs a thrift store. Later I got a Sinclair ZX Spectrum+ from another customer. It is in absolutely new condition, including the original box with everything in it. It pays off to talk about your hobby with lots of people; most of my computers (consoles, home computers, pc's etc.) I got from people who were just glad they could pass it on to me. It's amazing (and horrifying) what people will throw away if you're not alert and offer to take it off their hands. I always offer to pay for it but of the 35+ systems I have, I only payed for two (an original Xbox and a PS3 60GB).
in about 1981 was a kid looking to get a kid affordable computer in Omaha. There were only two at the cheap end of about $200.The VIC20 and ZX81/Sinclair 1000. As a kid of 15 in High School it was quickly obvious the Sinclair was a joke compared to VIC20. So initially had a Vic 20 with cassette player, soon got a disk drive. year later got a SX64, and 2 years after got a C128.
The zx81 was my first 👍🏻
Welcome to the UK: we have flat keyboards
I too began coding on a ZX81, but unlike most people commenting here, I hated the thing. My first job was coding electrical CAD software on a BBC model B with a Grafpad for the local college. BBC Basic was far superior to most Basic's of the day.
7:55 - anything that happened in 2020 in a nutshell
#تكتحلكيشرباحتاشكريممكماطحاشتب@#راكالكؤرينةكريملاللحلكتب@#راكارمالهايالكلماتييك
I've still got my ZX81 with 16K ram and thermal printer.
imagine if someone bought hundreds of zx80s and combined all of them to form a really underpowered supercomputer
I demonstrated a portable computer to Digital Equipment Corporation when I worked there by bringing in a Sinclair plus a miniature B&W TV set, trying to hint to them what was possible from the opposite end of their mini computers. They kept thinking bigger and bigger until they died.
omg what a pos! i love retro computers but the screen jumping when you type would make me throw it in the garbage....great video tho. great info
I had the Timex version. I wrote basic on it and it worked well.
My mom got a TS1000 for me from Service Merchandise and It came with a game cassette of Asteroids which just used passable numbers for the ship and asteroids. It also came with Compuserve software on cassette so I went online on the home phone line, at long distance rates, and got an earful from mom when the phone bill came in.
Vielen Dank
There was a game called Mazogs (sp?) that let you run around with your view in 3d, trying to find a goal in the maze and get back out without being attacked by the Mazog. There was also a floppy drive adapter that let you use an 800k formatted 3 1/2" floppy. Definately ahead of its time.
I wish I knew the name of the opening song.
What kind of snobbery means this guy thinks it's not a 'real' computer??? I learnt my first two programming languages (Basic and Z80 assembly/machine code) at 11 years old using the ZX81, and have been programming ever since. The only VIC20 I knew about at that time was owned by a rich kid up the road. I now watch my graduates struggle to code something to work within 100Mb that we did with 16k back then :)
Blows marijuana smoke on the screen
When the zx81 was a massive hit, there was a tutorial in a computer magazine on how to make a keyboard overlay consisting of little round wood blocks that go over the regular foil keyboard to give a more "natural" feel when typing ;)
I'm so glad I didn't buy that back then. I opted for the TRS 80 model 2. With the 16k of RAM option.
I was first exposed to computer with Apple II at school, but ZX81 had far greater impact on me than Apple II. ZX81 was my first computer that I owned and the day I got it was the only night in my whole life where I was totally awake to next day doing nothing but programming on it. It was great for even a poor kid could afford it at that time. Later I would get more powerful computers like commodore 64, Amiga etc but for the sheer impact nothing could beat ZX81. In a way, ZX81 was better computer than commodore 64 or Amiga in that it focused me into programming rather than running out of box software. With "better computers" such as Apple II, I wasted lot of time playing silly computer games, but I don't regret a single second spent on ZX81.
ZX Spectrum started my career in computers. Left school with no qualifications and 40 years later I'm a self employed software engineer.
Yeah, that's cool and all, but can it run DOOM?
I had a ZX-80 way back when. It made a great doorstop.
My father, back in 1982 took a mail order course on how to use a computer for business and was sent the study materials and a Timex Sinclair to work on. Afer his course was done I inherited the machine and used it to type in those long basic programs in the back of the magazines that were out at the time. I was amazed at the time what you could do. Now I look back fondly!
So, David hasn't realized that the video title has a capital i in SInclair.
No you ruined the title
The ZX81 were able to perform 16-Bit-assembler commands. When i changes to C64 i wondered about C64 has only 8-Bit-operations.... I loved my ZX81
"I was in love once. A Sinclair ZX81. People said, no Holly, she's not for you... She's cheap, she's stupid and she wouldn't load, well, not for me anyway." I owned a complete Sinclair 1000 setup, system, ram module, printer... I had an aftermarket keyboard, nothing as fancy as some of the ones shown there, just a chicklet keyboard. The printer was great because it was a thermal printer (just be careful storing the paper!). It was actually good fun, then we upgraded to a Mattel Aquarius for a while (cause it could play Intellivision games), that was fun too (especially the plotter printer)... But didn't last long. When support stopped a few months after getting... We moved on to the C64. We're ZX80 computers "bad?" Oh my God yes! We're they useful? Not very... But they were still fun, and interesting to fiddle with, and definitely deserve their place in history. They outsold the C64 in the UK 🤣
I'd just finished watching this when my wife came home and said "it's here!", it being a Raspberry Pi 400. The more things change...
Top video, and putting Holly on of Red Dwarf fame has made my day ❤️👍
Great video I built a keyboard for my zx81 years ago, took forever, I used an old CBM wordprocessor keyboard and sheet aluminium to make the housing, in retrospect I probably should have stored the vintage CBM it had a green screen crt
I'm so gutted. I traded my zx80 in towards a commodore Amiga when they came out 🤔 What a fool!
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Peek & poke the hell out of that thing, CLS!
When you tell people nowadays that you only had a grand total of 1k of memory, (boosted to 16k with the Ram pack!) And you had to program everything, just to get it to do anything, people think your mad. . . They're probably right! As you can see I wrote this before watching the whole vid!
I had a Sinclair machine way back in 1983, it was a ZX SPECTRUM and was my favorite computer. The customized chip was called a ULA or Uncommitted Logic Array, it handles Specy's video and color.
optic like a early gameboy
I always liked the TRS 80 because you could piggy back solder more ram just by stacking the chips to one another.
I don't like to say like zed I like to say it like zee
I came here after watching Raspberry Pi 400 video
Back when I was in high school (aging myself here), I had a friend who picked one up a brand new TS1K for $25 on clearance from the local KMart (or was it Zayre?), got a bunch of cassette programs for $2/ea as well. It was actually a neat little machine. He went on to a career in IT.
My first "computer" was the Timex Sinclair 1000. I had the 16K RAM expansion, and the thermal printer. Flight Simulator was a hot mess. The whole computer was a waste of money.
I've been playing with various computers I never even saw as a kid on a MiSTer and these videos have been great to learn more about the computers in the early 80s
I turned 8 in 1980, and the ZX80 and ZX81 were my first introduction to computers, at middle school here in the U.K. 👍🙂
it was very more expensive in Europa.
The point about the ZX80 was it produced the income for Clive Sinclair to develop the ULA for the ZX81, and go head to head with Herman Hauser of Acorn computing. It also gave birth to a million computer programmers in UK. Read down the comments and see how many old farts like me actually got started in computing due to the success of ZX81. The UK Software industry is tiny compared to USA, but holds its own worldwide in comparison to every other Country, mainly due to Sinclair, oh and that other bloke Herman Hauser and his Acorn which gave UK the BBC Computer. In the days before the BBC meant, shit leftie, stomp on Democracy and free speech, propaganda :-)
You should remember Sinclair designed the ZX80 with introducing children from poor family`s during a bad recession to computing and it did that
Timex factory in Scotland was responsible for making the Sinclair Computers until they were bought by Amstrad. The ram module and printer were sold under the Sinclair brand in the UK.
As a machine that made it even remotely possible for a poor family to own a computer in the UK, It was amazingly important - for a while the UK had the highest computer literacy in the world, all thanks to one man thinking about affordability for normal people rather than marketing it as a middle class toy. It was a game changer, despite it's many, many shortcomings - great video!
Those Timex Sinclairs were so cheap. I remember some banks giving them away for opening a checking account. Those were the days. Back then, you really couldn't do much with a computer; but everyone wanted on anyway. For the typical computer owner, they were used for games, logging into forums, and simple word processing.
In Egypt,for the non Arabic home computers, everyone got Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48K in the 80s, but once C64 appeared everyone quickly changed to Commodore 64, but the dominant system in Egypt was Sakhr computer which was based on Yamaha home computers and was fully Arabized even Basic. Sakhr was the the fist company to Arabize Dos, Arabize Windows (even before Microsoft) to make first Arbaic text to speech system, Arabic speech recognition, Arabic OCR, Arabic English biderectonal machine translation and many more decade before Google was born.
I have a ZX Spectrum+2 with a Arabic ROM and Arabic keyboard stickers. beta.collectorsbridge.com/collections/sinclair-computers-and-clones/article/sinclair-zx-spectrum-2-arabic
I had the ts-1000, was smart enough at 14 or 15 to make sure I had the ram pack day 1. My friends had vic-20's with way less ram, and I was able to learn programming much better with the ts-1000. If I remember correctly, the ts-1000 was 49.99 canadian and the ram pack the same price, so $100 cdn back in 82/83. The vic-20 was about $299 cdn. Sure the vic-20 had sound and colour, but I had more fun with my ts-1000 than my friends did with their vic-20's. The commodore 64/atari 800 was way out of the price range for a lot of parents in those days. So I disagree a bit, but I know you're a commodore boy lol.
I think from this point of view it clearly is perceived differently in the USA from the UK. I don't know anyone who thinks of the ZX81 as any kind of joke in Britain, it was the first genuinely affordable mass market computer and a stepping stone to more advanced things in a time of rapid change. Clive Sinclair was an out and out inventor rather than interested in computers as such but certainly made a huge impact. Its nice to see the presenter actually getting the pronunciation of ZX80 and Zx81 correct, as a product name rather than the letter Z in the American English pronunciation.
This was a computer revolution in Europe , Sinclair was an a genius and like all geniuses he was a bit mad. Check the movie: Micro man. (ZX 81 tough me programming because that’s all what I could do with it and the spectrum was a whole another world)
Mazogs was a fantastic little ZX81 game, and is still worth a play in 2020.
I started with the ZX81 in 1983. Almost 40 years later, I'm still a programmer by trade (amongst other things.) Most vivid memory was typing in a 16 page hex listing for ZX81 defender style game. Took me about 3 days I think. I still have all my old Sinclair Programs and Crash magazines too ;-)
Today we have Raspberry Pi!
En los 80 feliz con el ZX SPECTRUM
i have in 90' zx by leningrad 128k version thith floppy and ay8910...